职称英语卫生类试题附答案
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
1.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.
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A.offered B.investigated C.included D.accepted
2.His shoes were shined to perfection.
A.cleared B.washed C.polished D.mended
3.A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.
A.suggested B.tested C.used D.announced
4.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.
A.effort B.problem C.concern D.influence
5.Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.
A.short B.hard C.good D.long
6.The book took ten years of thorough research.
A.basic B.careful C.social D.major
7.The love of money is the root of all evil.
A.result B.cause C.end D.force
8.The test produced disappointing results.
A.unsatisfactory B.indirect C.similar D.positive
9.Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.
A.Finally B.Certainly C.Luckily D.Naturally
10.Things have changed a lot since I was a child.
A.greatly B.gradually C.suddenly D.frequently
11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.
A.reported B.hoped C.answered D.admitted
12.My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
A.prepare B.cook C.choose D.change
13.She can be relied on in a crisis.
A.looked after B.depended on C.believed in D.turned on
14.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
A.reduced B.moved C.turned D.reformed
15.His long-term goal is to set up his own business.
A.idea B.energy C.order D.aim
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don’t get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in theUnited States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessnessfor a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264hours and 12 minutes. That’s eleven days and nights without sleep!
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner startedhaving trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry(模糊).By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardnerwas hallucinating(产生幻觉). For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was aperson. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner’sspeech became so slurred(不清楚)that people couldn’t understand him. He also had troubleremembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn’t pass a counting test. In the middleof the test he simply stopped counting. He couldn’t remember what he was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second night heslept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourthnight, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can bedangerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy’s experiment. Tests on white ratshave shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the ratsstarted losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lostweight. Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is thepurpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don’t know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep inorder to replenish(补充)brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to growand to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.
16.Randy Gardner studied the effects of over-sleeping.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.It took four days for Gardner to recover from the effects of the experiment.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.People sleep less than they used to.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
The Meaning of Dreams
1 Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can cometo understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what theypotentially symbolize.
2 I can see their laughing faces ... laughing at me. But they aren’t as *** art. If they were,they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations(涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away fromeveryday routine. It can also be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the otherhand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish toescape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情结), which the dreamerattempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.
3 I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’tescape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力)like the first one,it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominantemotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can alsostumble(蹒跚)or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even moreterrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressurein their everyday life.
4 I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the personis often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of acliff. The overwhelming(强烈的)feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There isnothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly ((恐怖地)real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense ofenormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has afear of failure or even death.
5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. There’s nothing I can do — nothing I can hold on to. Thissymbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They tryhard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation withno escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequentcontext for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you arenormally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it alsoshows a deep-seated phobia(恐惧)of losing a job and a livelihood.
23.Paragraph 2 ______
24.Paragraph 3 ______
25.Paragraph 4 ______
26.Paragraph 5 ______
A.Dream of running hard
B.Dream of falling down
C.Dream of being pushed away
D.Dream of flying into the air
E.Dream of climbing trees
F.Dream of diving into the water
27.If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may ________.
28.If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may ________.
29.If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may ________.
30.If a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may ________.
A.be under pressure in everyday life
B.be afraid of losing control in real life
C.feel inferior in reality
D.feel lonely in everyday life
E.feel tired in real life
F.be afraid of losing his job in real life
之一篇 Sprained(扭伤)Ankle
One of the most common injuries teenagers and *** s experience is a sprained ankle. A sprainoccurs when the ligaments(韧带)a joint are twisted(扭伤)and possibly torn. Ligaments arebands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a suddentwisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured areausually swells(肿胀)and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrongangle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on theground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, youmust seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words tohelp you remember how to treat yourself:
■ Elevate(抬高)
■ Cool
■ Bandage(打绷带)
As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding underthe skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. Thepressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In orderto reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated sothat it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleedingto a minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour andthen reapply. This can be done several times a day for a total of three days.
Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature inthat area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise thebody temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers more blood distribution to theaffected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the ankle. Be careful notto wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
31.A sprain is caused by
A.blood vessels being hurt in the foot.
B.constantly changing body temperature.
C.ligament fibers of a joint being twisted.
D.elevating one’s ankle.
32.The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to
A.pressing one’s ankle.
B.a tight bandage.
C.applying a cold pack.
D.bleeding under the skin.
33.The word “it” in paragraph 2 (line 5) refers to
A.injury.
B.pressure.
C.ankle.
D.swelling.
34.Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?
A.Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes.
B.Begin bandaging the ankle.
C.Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart.
D.Wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes.
35.The main idea of the passage is to explain
A.how a sprain occurs.
B.how to treat a sprained ankle.
C.how to bandage an injured foot.
D.how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.
第二篇 Attitudes to AIDS Now
Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don’t know there’sno cure and strongly disagree that “the AIDS epidemic(流行)is over,” a new survey finds.
The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who haveworried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advancesin treatment and declines in deaths.
“While people are very optimistic about the advances, they’re still realistic about the fact thatthere is no cure”, says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.
The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll(民意测验), does find that the numberof people ranking AIDS as the country’s top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38%say it’s the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No. 1, down from 41 % in 1992 and 67% in 1987.
Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1.200 *** s in September and October andasked additional questions of another 1.000 *** s in Novembers:
52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.
51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that thedrugs are not cures.
67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24%know deaths fell.
Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, “I’m encouraged that the American peopleare getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn’t over. I hope the decision-makers inWashington are getting the same message... We have seen signs of complacency(得意).”
36.Most people in the USA believe that
A.advances have been made in treating AIDS.
B.AIDS is no longer an epidemic.
C.AIDS is killing more people than before.
D.there is still no cure for AIDS.
37.Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation, activists worried that
A.the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more.
B.the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS.
C.the deaths caused by AIDS may increase.
D.scientists may not find cures for AIDS.
38.The results of the Kaiser survey and those of Gallup Poll are
A.similar.
B.different.
C.both wrong.
D.both unrealistic.
39.More than 50% people in the Kaiser poll agree that
A.advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.
B.AIDS is their top concern.
C.the country spends too little on AIDS.
D.AIDS deaths fell sharply.
40.The word “message” in the last paragraph means
A.news.
B.report.
C.point.
D.result.
第三篇 How to Be a Successful Businessperson
Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not?Here’s a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and todayhe owns 168 restaurants.
Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a *** all town in southwest India. His dream was to be anairplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a *** all plane.
At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for acompany that rented cars.
While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental(租赁的)company, he frequently ate at a nearbyKFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, heworked as a cook’s assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. “I didn’t likeit,” Mr. Kazi says, “but I always did the best I could.”
One day, Mr. Kazi’s two coworkers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of allthree people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few monthslater, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. Heworked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.
A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant wasdirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought therestaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of thebuilding, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someonehad to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before longthe restaurant was making a profit.
A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he eared, he bought threemore restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, andretrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.
Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn’t planning to stop there. He’s looking for morepoorly managed restaurants to buy, “I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it’s amess,” Mr. Kazi says. “The only way it can go is up.”
41.When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to
A.sell cars.
B.own a restaurant.
C.become a good cook.
D.be an airplane pilot.
42.Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC to
A.learn how to run a restaurant.
B.save money for a car.
C.save money on food.
D.learn how to cook.
43.Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because
A.his co-workers praised him.
B.he was a good cook.
C.he worked very hard.
D.he knew how to run a restaurant.
44.To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to
A.clean it up.
B.improve the food.
D.retrain the employees.
C.advertise for it.
45.In the last paragraph, “it’s a mess” means
A.it’s *** all.
B.it’s profitable.
C.it’s dirty.
D.it’s cheap.
职称英语考试复习
购买2012年教材的时候，要注意是“人力资源和社会保障部人事考试中心和国家外国专家局培训中心”组编。
职称英语考试的教材每年都会更新，一般是在前一年职称英语教材同级别、同类别的基础上替换15%的内容。根据历年惯例，职称英语考试教材一般都在每年的1月上旬出版，但考生拿到手的时间往往要到1月底，所以准备的时间很短。根据每年只替换15%的原则，自己组合教材。职称英语新增文章历来是考试的重点，大家一点要多多注意。
职称英语考试试题会从指定职称英语考试教材《职称英语等级考试用书》中出两篇原文，一篇阅读理解，一篇完形填空，共30分，占总分的30%。
在2012年职称英语教材出来之前，建议大家买一本去年职称英语的考试教材，看一下去年的文章，因为部分阅读理解和完形填空会从教材里出题，所以应该说教材是更好复习材料。
职称英语考试是可以带词典进入考场的考试，考生可以使用国家正式出版的普通外文字典或词典。但禁止使用针对全国职称外语等级考试编辑出版的外语字典、词典，或外语教材和外语词汇手册。新东方在线 *** 课堂职称英语辅导团队建议广大考生在选择考场使用词典时遵循以下几个原则：
1、国家规定电子出版物不能带入考场;
2、有职称字样及针对职称英语考试编写的字典均不能带入考场,例如字典上有"职称英语"字样的等。
2011考后网友反馈如下：
牛津高阶，老幺，王霞都可以带入考场
幺建华的词典今年的词汇题，有6道不能直接查到，但通过英汉能找到答案，就是耽误了点时间。
字典王霞/牛津同义词：王霞的有4个查不到---剩余4个牛津查出来3个
实用词典被没收（辽宁出版社，之前在论坛提过这本不能带）
牛津同义词，都有！
商务印书馆的新思维英汉词典，全查到的
我用的是商务的新思维，90%有，有的题目就是里面的举例。
牛津高阶双解词典可以查到
建议，如果考生的英语基础比较好，可以买国家指定的教材，自己有计划的进行复习！
对于基础不是很好，平时又没有时间学习的考生，建议大家使用 *** 学习，近几年 *** 学习尤其受到广大在职人员的欢迎，考生可以自行选择合适的时间在网上学习。
推荐每年职称英语通过率很高的博大考神职称英语家庭式培训班，可以百度一下。
职称英语《综合A》阅读理解试题及答案(2)
text three
Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing?
In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.
Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk.
The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers,teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers.
But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.
Although the country's trade deficit was more than —— 60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a *** all sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rockn' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.
However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).
In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy -- there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook,clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector -- in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.
36. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is
A. law makers.
B. business consultants.
C. home servants.
D. school teachers.
37. The phrase "the cutting edge" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. the most popular.
B. the most political.
C. the most advanced.
D. the proudest.
38. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006, because they believe
A. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.
B. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.
C. Britain is one cutting edge of the knowledge economy.
D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the Britain economy.
39. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?
A. They contribute a lot to the country's trade deficit.
B. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations. '
C. They can't make a profit out of their innovation activities.
D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.
40. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.
B. the British government is over-confident in its economy.
C. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.
D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.
text four
What's Killing the Bats
First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the *** all-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some cases, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.
One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌) known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.
Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can't eat enough food, they starve to death.
Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠) bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.
Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences.
Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects theyeat. While bats live a long time for their size -- the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years- a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.
How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. All species of bats in North America are dying.
B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats.
C. The bat deaths are a serious problem.
D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.
32. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.
B. The first article on the website is about bees.
C. Bees usually die before bats.
D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.
33. The word "pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to
A. a kind of fungus.
B. an area in the U.S.
C. a special cave.
D. a kind of bat.
34. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of
A. diseases that kill bats.
B. Insects that bats eat.
C. animals that have diseases.
D. bat species that are starving to death.
35. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To get people to stop killing bats.
B. To hire workers for the Fish Wildlife Department.
C. To ask people not to touch dead bats.
D. To tell the public how to help bats.
全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的考试内容
A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出正确的判断。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）
考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：
1．短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；
2．短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）
考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个更佳答案。
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。
第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
考查应试者正确把握文章内容，以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个更佳答案。 考试命题的广度和难度根据本大纲规定的范围及对应试者能力的要求而确定。命题原则如下：
（一）合理安排测试项目的层次结构。本考试的重点是考查应试者的阅读理解能力，试卷的结构应充分考虑阅读理解能力的不同层次，测试不同层次能力的项目所占比重亦不相同。
（二）合理确定考试内容与《职称英语》的关系。职称英语等级考试的题型设置和考查内容均有自身的特点。职称英语考试用书题材广泛，包括：报刊文章、科普材料、故事、报告、广告、技术说明、手册等，体裁包括说明文、记叙文、议论文等。部分命题素材将取自《职称英语》（指定用书）、《考试大纲》。
（三）合理安排测试项目的难度结构。本考试题目的难易程度分为易、较易、较难、难四个等级，试卷中各种难易程度题目各占一定比例。试题的难易程度和能力层次是两个不同的概念，在每个能力层次的项目中，都包含难易程度不同的题目。 以下是全国职称外语等级考试级别划分及适用范围，请大家根据自己的职称英语要求选择报考。
A级适用范围：
1．高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报高级专业技术职务或其它系列中申报正高级专业技术职务者。
2．申报高级国际商务师者。
B级适用范围：
1．卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报高级专业技术职务者。
2．高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报中级专业技术职务者。
3．翻译系列中申报高级专业技术职务者（限第二外语）。
4．高级专业技术职务未分正副的系列（工程系列除外）申报高级专业技术职务或其他系列中申报副高级专业技术职务者。
C级适用范围：
1．翻译系列中申报中级专业技术职务（第二外语）或其它系列申报高级专业技术职务（第二外语）者。 卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报中级专业技术职务或其它系列申报中级专业技术职务者。 具体的适用范围，按各省份而定
如福建省职称外语考试等级划分和适用范围: 申报高级国际商务师专业技术职务的，须参加职称外语A级考试； 申报高级专业技术职务及参加国际商务师执业资格考试的，须参加职称外语B 级考试；
申报中级专业技术职务的，须参加职称外语C级考试。
（中央直属在闽单位人员参加全国职称外语等级统一考试的要求，由考生所在单位根据具体情况选定。）
再如湖北省职称外语考试等级划分和适用范围: 全国规定：十类可免考或放宽外语成绩要求的人员 具有国家认定的相应留学经历的； 申报副高级职称时职称外语考试成绩达到要求，申报正高级职称需再次参加同一级别考试的； 出版过外文专著、译著或以其他方式证明具备较高外语水平，并经一定程序确认的； 经审核确认，能力业绩突出、在本行业本地区作出重要贡献的； 在乡镇以下基层单位（经省级 *** 人事部门批准，可放宽至县级以下基层单位）从事专业技术工作的； 在地市以下单位，长期从事农业、林业、水利、采矿、测绘、勘探、铁路施工、公路施工等专业技术工作的； 年龄较大并长期从事专业技术工作的； 从事具有中国特色、民族传统的临床中医药、民族医药、工艺美术、古籍整理、历史时期考古等专业技术工作的； 取得外语专业大专以上学历并从事本专业工作，申报职称有第二外语要求的； 申报各系列初级职称的。 取得外语（从事翻译工作人员及外语教师第二外语）专业专科及以上学历的人员申报中、高级职称评审；获得博士学位申报高级（含正高级）职称评审；获得硕士学 位申报中级职称评审；留学回国人员首次参加职称评审；申报副高级职称评审时已取得职称外语合格证书（含1977年底前参加工作人员外语成绩达到45分）的人员申报正高级职称评审；参加《全国工商企业出国培训备选人员外语考试》，通过中（Ⅰ）级者申报中级职称评审，通过高（A）级者申报高级职称评审等五类考 生可免职称外语等级考试。
凡参加国家人事部和北京市人事局组织的各类专业技术资格考试和职（执）业资格考试取得资格证书的人员，聘用单位可根据岗位需要自主决定对应聘人员的外语水 平要求。凡实行考评结合的系列（专业）及体育教练员、工艺美术、广播电视艺术、技校高级实习指导教师系列（专业），外语考试成绩可不作为申报条件，其合格 成绩或当年考试成绩作为职称评审的要素之一。
2015年11月25日，人社部发〔2015〕94号文件针对进一步改革完善基层卫生专业技术人员职称评审工作的指导意见，针对县级医院、县级专业公共卫生机构、乡镇（街道）卫生院、社区卫生服务中心（站）、村卫生室等医疗卫生机构的卫生专业技术人员实施免考政策 2014年职称外语报名已于2013年11月正式开始，各省市人事主管部门正陆续公布当地报名时间。在2014年职称外语报名工作开始前夕，来告诉大家关于2014年职称外语报名的注意事项，使大家可以顺利地完成2014年职称外语报名。
关于2014年职称外语报名，有三点最需要广大考生注意：
之一，关注当地人事主管部门发布的职称外语报名政策信息，并按规定 *** 报名或现场报名
提醒准备报考2014年职称外语考试的考生，一定要密切关注自己工作地点所在省市人事厅（局）考试中心发布的有关2014年职称外语考试报名信息，如2014年职称外语报名时间安排等相关政策文件。在职称外语报名时间内，请大家根据各省市人事厅（局）考试中心发布的职称外语报名程序和要求，进行 *** 报名、交费，或到指定的报名点领取报名表，进行现场报名。
如果是规定实行光电阅读器，即计算机自动采集职称外语报名信息的地区，还要到当地有关部门领取职称外语报名信息卡和《报考手册》。
由单位集体组织职称外语报名的，应按本人所在单位规定的具体程序报考职称外语考试。
由于职称外语考试报名由当地省、市人事主管部门分别负责，各地报名时间会有差异，所以未接到2013年职称外语报名通知的考生请耐心等待，或者咨询当地的人事主管部门。
第二、职称外语报考类别、级别的区分
在整个职称外语报名流程中，最重要的部分除了要填写清楚自己的个人基本信息外，还有一个很关键的事项就是分清职称外语报考类别与级别，并根据自己的情况，选择报考何种类别、级别的职称外语考试。在这个问题上许多考生存在疑问，大家可以咨询当地省、市人事主管部门。
其实综合类，理工类，卫生类考试在原则上并没有严格的界限。综合类文章可以考到理工类去，理工类可以考到卫生类和综合类。三类考试之间没有严格界限区分。国家在每位考生评定职称的时候，到底要求是理工类成绩，卫生类成绩，基本上国家还没有明确规定。
到底决定报综合类，理工类，还是卫生类，考生可以根据两点依据进行选择：
首先，咨询一下所在单位的人事部门，要评定职称需报考何种类别的职称外语考试。
其次，如果单位没有明确的要求和规定，可以根据自己的现实情况选择。如果工作中接触的都是理工类的文章，那就报理工类；如果接触的文章是社会类文章，那就报综合类。
此外，在报考级别上也提醒考生注意：一般来说A级职称外语合格证书可申报高级职称，B级、C级职称外语合格证书可申报中级职称。而职称外语合格证书（成绩单）的使用规则各地有所不同。
第三、2014年职称外语报名前需了解各类职称英语考试的内容、范围及难易程度
1、职称外语考试内容：职称外语理工、卫生类考试所涉及的内容大多是在各自专业知识领域之内，但专业程度不深，主要是一些与本专业有关的科普性文章，及一定数量的普通英语文章；综合类则涉及面比较广，在试题取材上，一般多取材有趣且与人们工作、生活、学习密切相关的文章；
2、职称外语考试难易程度：职称外语A级相当于大学英语四级考试水平，职称外语B级相当于公共英语三级偏上水平，职称外语C级相当于公共英语二级偏上水平；
3、职称外语考试侧重点：主要考查考生理解书面英语的能力，“要求考生能综合运用英语语言知识（词汇、语法）和阅读技能来理解本专业或一般的英语书面材料”。
第四,全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试考生应考时，可携带一本正式出版的通用外语词典（不得带电子词典及社会上专门为职称外语等级考试编写的词典）、2B铅笔、橡皮、黑色墨水笔，其他物品不得带入考场。严禁将通讯工具带入考场座位。全省医古文、古汉语考试考生应考时不得携带任何资料。各级考试部门要向考生公告上述要求，考试时要严格检查。考生应同时携带本人准考证和有效身份证件参加考试。
为保证试卷安全，防止试卷破损或非法拆封，各市人事考试机构在接收和清点试卷袋时应认真检查塑封是否完好；要严格遵守试卷启封和试卷分发的时间规定，监考人员启封试卷时，须请2名应试人员协同检查试卷袋密封情况，在试卷袋指定位置签名确认，如遇塑封或试卷袋破损等异常情形，要立即上报，并将异常情形简要记录在试卷袋相应栏目中。
2014年度全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试将继续实施“变换卷”，考试结束后还将对雷同试卷进行认定和处理，各地人事考试机构应当在考前以张贴考场警示语的方式对应试人员进行告知。同时，要求监考人员在开考前提示应试人员严格按照试卷封二“应试人员注意事项”的要求填涂试卷代码（试卷代码未填涂或填涂有误，考试成绩按无效处理），并在考试结束前半小时对应试人员试卷代码的填涂进行检查。 职称英语考试满分100分，通过线包括国家和地方两种，国家线保持60分通过线，地方线因各地区而有所区别，以等于或低于60分为原则，有的低至25分。
人事部公布的职称英语合格线全国通用标准为60分，成绩长期有效。
全国职称英语考试各省会根据当年考试情况制定当年的省合格分数线，分数线相对较低于60分，大概会在40-55分，地方不同相应的分数线也有可能不同。但成绩有效期也相应较短，一般为当年有效。2015年职称英语考试合格标准正在陆续公布。
2014年全国职称英语合格标准汇总如下：
全国：60分
四川：52分
江苏：60分
天津：通用合格标准60分；市合格标准40分，1975年1月1日前出生人员地方合格标准均为40分
黑龙江：40分
山西：60分
吉林：50分；年满45周岁报考A级、40周岁报考B级、35周岁报考C级的，合格标准为40分。
北京：60分
湖北：50分
内蒙古：50分
浙江：50分
广东：60分
上海：60分
湖南：50分
辽宁：60分
广西：60分
海南：50分
山东：60分
安徽：60分
河北：国家通用合格标准为60分，省内当年有效合格标准为40分
……
2011年全国职称英语合格标准汇总如下：
山东：60分
重庆：60分
吉林：省内合格标准为50分；年满45岁报A级、40周岁报B级、35岁报C级为40分
天津：地区标准为45分；1971年1月1日前出生人员地方合格标准为40分
四川：60分
河北：60分
山西：60分
云南：60分
北京：60分
海南：60分
广西：60分
安徽：60分
福建：60分
内蒙古：55分
江苏：60分
辽宁：60分
江西：A级：55分；B级：56分；C级：55分
湖南：50分
湖北：60分
上海：60分
浙江：60分
新疆：60分
贵州：60分
河南：60分
广东：60分
陕西：60分
甘肃：60分
青海：60分
宁夏：60分
黑龙江：25分
*** ：60分 通过国家分数线的长期有效，通过地方分数线未过国家线的根据当地不同规定会有所区别，整体趋于长期有效。
各地、各部门可结合各地实际情况，制定本地区、本部门各专业、级别合格标准和成绩有效期。
关于职称英语考试的成绩有效期各地自行规定都不相同。通常对于达到全国通用标准的，成绩有效期至评审通过相应的专业技术职务资格为止，即长期有效。而对于地区标准的成绩，一般会有一定的附加说明和限制。
各省成绩证书的有效期，具体可以分为三类：
之一类是成绩长期有效的，包括北京，重庆，内蒙，安徽，辽宁（以国家线为准），湖南，广东（以国家线为准），四川，云南。
第二类是通过国家线的，成绩长期有效；只过省线的按本省规定。包括天津、江西、山东、河南、湖北、贵州（以上各省都是过省线者成绩当年有效），河北（过省线成绩当年有效，凡申报专业技术职务任职资格的，外语（古汉语）考试成绩三年内（从考试当年算起）有效，逾期失效，黑龙江（过省线成绩两年有效），山西（对参加全国职称英语考试成绩未达到全国通用标准和需参加医古文、古汉语考试的专业技术人员，我省将继续组织好补充考试，合格成绩的有效期至补考次年年底）职称英语考试。
第三类是成绩有效期比较特殊的。
上海（合格线以国家线为准。过线者A级证书有效期4年，B、C级证书有效期3年）；
陕西（过国家线的，A级证书有效期4年，B、C级证书有效期三年。过省线者成绩有效期一年）；
新疆（过国家线的，成绩有效期限为五年（有效期从考试当年算起）；达到自治区职称外（ 汉 ）语考试合格标准者，成绩有效期为三年（有效期从考试当年算起）；
甘肃（考试成绩（包括国家合格成绩、省内合格成绩及不合格成绩）有效期自考试当年起计算到第5年年底）。
北京
成绩有效期：2年有效
分数线：本市自 2005 年起，全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试和北京市医古文考试合格标准为 60 分，1977 年底以前参加工作的人员参加 2004 年度及以后上述考试成绩达到 45 分（含）以上，可作为合格成绩。合格标准如有调整，市人事局将另行通知。（京人发[2005]47号）
天津
成绩有效期：
（一）人事部确定当年全国职称外语考试各语种、级别、类别的全国通用标准，成绩达到全国通用标准的， 其成绩有效期至评聘相应级别的专业技术职称止。
（二）我市根据当年本市参加全国职称外语考试情况，确定各语种、级别、类别的地方通用标准，成绩达到我市地方通用标准的， 其成绩在当年评聘相应级别的专业技术职称时有效。成绩是否可重复使用：由单位人事部门决定。
上海
成绩有效期：
A级成绩有效期为4年，B、C级成绩有效期为3年，有效期均从考试之日起计算。（出自2009年职称英语报名通知）
成绩是否可重复使用：成绩在有效期内可以重复使用（咨询上海市职业能力考试院后结果）
重庆
分数线：以国家线为准
成绩是否可重复使用：只可使用一次，再评需再考。
河北
成绩有效期：
凡外语考试成绩达到国家通用标准的专业技术人员取得的成绩通知书，晋升相应专业相应档次专业技术职务任职资格时有效，该档次晋升结束后，其证书（成绩通知单）自然失效，再晋升再考试（申报副高级职称时职称外语考试成绩达到全国通用标准的，申报正高级职称需要再次参加同一级别考试的除外）；
外语考试成绩取得省定标准合格证的，当年有效。凡申报专业技术职务任职资格作为参考范围的，外语（古汉语）考试成绩三年内（从考试当年算起）有效，逾期自然失效。
合格分数线：45分
山西
成绩有效期：
专业技术人员参加全国职称外语考试成绩达到全国通用标准，不受原规定有效期的限制，可凭合格的《成绩通知单》晋升上一级或上两级（符合本通知二（一）、4条件的）职称。
对参加全国职称外语考试成绩未达到全国通用标准和需参加医古文、古汉语考试的专业技术人员，我省将继续组织好补充考试，合格成绩的有效期至补考次年年底。
成绩是否可重复使用：只能使用一次，再评需再考。
内蒙古
成绩有效期：
从2004年起，参加职称外语考试成绩长期有效，晋升级别、转系列需达到新晋级别、系列的要求。
合格分数线：每年重新划定。
黑龙江
成绩有效期：
按国家人事部确定的各语种、级别、类别的全国通用标准，结合我省情况，确定省内当年通用标准。
外语考试成绩达到全国通用标准的，在评聘正、副高级职称时，成绩一直有效；外语考试成绩达到省内通用标准的，在评聘正、副高级职称时，成绩两年有效。
凡参加国家统一组织的职称外语考试取得成绩人员，均可评聘中级职称。各评委会可根据本行业的特点，对外语的成绩标准自行掌握。考试成绩在晋升中级职称时一直有效。
安徽
成绩有效期：
按照人事部确定的各语种、级别、类别的全国通用标准和我省确定的医古文、古汉语考试级别合格标准，专业技术人员通过相应级别、类别考试，其成绩有效期至评聘相应级别的专业技术职务止。申报评聘副高级专业技术职务时职称外语符合上述规定的考试级别和类别，且考试合格，申报评聘正高级专业技术职务时不需再次参加职称外语考试。
江西
成绩有效期：
1、2004年及以后参加全国职称外语考试达到国家合格标准的，在任现职期间一直有效；国家合格标准下达后，我省将根据实际情况确定省内合格标准，达到省内合格标准的，考试合格证当年使用有效。
2、需要委托国家有关系列或专业评审的，按照国家评审机构对职称外语有关要求掌握。
山东
成绩有效期：
人事部根据当年全国职称外语考试命题和考试情况，确定各语种、级别、类别的全国通用标准。达到全国通用标准的，外语考试成绩有效期至评审通过相应的专业技术职务资格为止。根据人事部规定，我省确定当年有效的使用标准。
申报正高级专业技术职务资格的，外语考试成绩应达到全国通用标准。达到全省有效使用标准的，当年可申报副高级、中级专业技术职务资格。符合本通知规定的放宽外语成绩要求的人员，当年可在低于全省有效使用标准10分以内申报副高级、中级专业技术职务资格。
河南
成绩有效期：
从2005年起，对参加全国职称外语等级统一考试的人员免费发放考试成绩通知书，不再核发考试合格证书。达到全国通用标准的，在申报相应级别专业技术职务时有效。达到我省通用标准的，当年有效。
参加我省组织的古汉语考试达到合格标准分数线的，在申报相应级别专业技术职务时有效。（选自三门峡2009年职称英语考试报名通知)
1999年及以后取得全国职称外语等级考试A级合格证书、2000年及以后取得全国职称外语等级考试B、C级合格证书的人员，申报或聘任高一级专业技术职务时合格证书长期有效，但其申报或聘任再高一级专业技术职务时仍需参加全国职称外语等级考试，并取得相应等级的合格证书。申报副高级职称时职称外语考试成绩达到要求，申报正高级职称需再次参加同一级别考试的人员可免试外语。取得省线合格证书的人员，合格证书只限当年评审时有效。（选自许昌市2009年职称英语考试报名通知）
湖北
成绩有效期： 按规定参加全国或原全省统一组织的职称外语考试，取得合格证书的，在申报晋升级别要求相同的职称时有效。 开展量化评审系列（专业）涉及的人员，职称外语考试成绩按规定计入量化评审总分，取得合格证书的，在申报晋升级别要求相同的职称时有效；未取得合格证书的，只在当年申报评审职称时有效。 注：根据省职改办文件要求，报考外语考试均不得越级报考。（出自2009年荆州市报名通知）
湖南
成绩有效期：
从2005起参加职称外语水平考试的合格成绩取消有效期限（含全国通用标准、我省划定的合格标准），在评审相应等级的专业技术职务时长期有效。2005年以前参加职称外语考试合格成绩的有效期，仍按原来有关规定执行。
广东
成绩有效期：
专业技术人员取得职称外语考试成绩合格证书（成绩单），在申报评审对应或以下级别专业技术资格时，不受证书有效期的限制。取得A级合格证书，可申报所有级别专业技术资格，长期有效。
符合本文第二项职称外语考试合格成绩放宽条件，取得40分以上的，在申报评审对应级别或以下级别专业技术资格时，不受证书有效期的限制。
我省职称外语考试成绩合格线，概以人事部公布的全国通用标准为准。
贵州
成绩有效期：
按照人力资源和社会保障部通知精神，2009年将根据当年命题水平和考试情况确定各语种、级别、类别的全国通用标准，对参加全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的人员发放考试成绩通知书，不核发考试合格证书。
凡达到国家对各语种、级别、类别所确定的全国通用标准考生，其考试成绩在其等级适用范围内长期有效，但如晋升上一级专业技术资格，不符合免试人员范围相应条件的，仍需取得相应等级的外语测试合格成绩。对达到省内合格线的考生，发给由省人事厅印制的《专业技术人员职称外语等级考试成绩通知书》，当年有效。
成绩是否可重复使用：按2012年职称评审规定职称英语的成绩是允许重复使用的，但不排除以后职称评审条件调整后会的可能。
吉林
1．凡取得国家级A级证书的，无论何时取得，是否使用过，一律长期有效；
2．其他级别的证书，持证人在未达到证书可参评更高级别专业技术职务期间，不受颁发证书时证书有限期的限制，长期有效。
3．副教授、副研究员、高级工程师、高级农艺（畜牧、兽医）师评审正高级专业技术资格可不提供外语证书。
具体问题请与省人事厅专业技术人员管理处联系咨询。
海南凡取得全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试成绩合格证书以及达到全国通用标准分数线的人员，申报评审相应级别的专业技术资格不受有效期限制。我省将根据全国通用标准，结合本省专业技术人才队伍实际情况，确定职称外语考试成绩合格分数线，有效期为六年。
职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)
练习：
1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather *** all”。
2.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。
3.B 文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。
4.A 本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。
5.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。
6.A 选A的依据是第三段之一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...
7.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。
译文：微芯片研究中心成立
为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。
该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国 *** 担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。
由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。
几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。
如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。
Text three
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1
Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?
If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off.
However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.
词汇：
automatically .自动地
note 音符
stroke 中风
注释：
1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。
练习：
1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。
2.A 第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。
3.B 第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。
4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。
5.C 文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。
6.B 第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。
7.A 最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。
译文：音乐生物学
人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。
哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。
音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么?
如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。
有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。
通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。
然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。
职称英语综合类试题阅读判断备考题
阅读判断题
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请换根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选C.
They Say Ireland's the Best
Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005， according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes， health， unemployment， climate， political stability， job security， gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom， family and community life".
Despite the bad weather， troubled health service， traffic congestion(拥挤)， gender inequality， and the high cost of living， Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland， which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger， is rated the gloomiest(最差的)， picking up only 3.89 points.职称英语培训
"Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued，" the report said， "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown(崩溃)in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."
"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old， such as stable family and community life."
The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do， and that its findings would have their critics.
No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway， Luxembourg， Sweden， Australia， Iceland， Italy， Denmark and Spain.
The UK is positioned at No. 29， a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US， which has the second highest per capita GDP(人均国内生产总值)after Luxembourg， took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.
1 For 2，005 years， Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2 Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
3 Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4 Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5 Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6 To measure life quality is easy.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7 The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
